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Technical data for Niobium

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Overview
NameNiobium
SymbolNb
Atomic Number41
Atomic Weight92.90637
Density8.57 g/cm3
Melting Point2477 °C
Boiling Point4744 °C

Thermal properties
PhaseSolid
Melting Point2477 °C
Boiling Point4744 °C
Absolute Melting Point2750 K
Absolute Boiling Point5017 K
Critical PressureN/A
Critical TemperatureN/A
Heat of Fusion26.8 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization690 kJ/mol
Specific Heat265 J/(kg K)[note]
Adiabatic IndexN/A
Neel PointN/A
Thermal Conductivity54 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion7.3×10-6 K-1

Bulk physical properties
Density8.57 g/cm3
Density (Liquid)N/A
Molar Volume0.000010841
Brinell Hardness736 MPa
Mohs Hardness6
Vickers Hardness1320 MPa
Bulk Modulus170 GPa
Shear Modulus38 GPa
Young Modulus105 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.4
Refractive IndexN/A
Speed of Sound3480 m/s
Thermal Conductivity54 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion7.3×10-6 K-1

Reactivity
Valence5
Electronegativity1.6
ElectronAffinity86.1 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
652.1, 1380, 2416, 3700, 4877, 9847, 12100 kJ/mol

Health and Safety
DOT Hazard ClassN/A
DOT NumbersN/A
RTECS Number
RTECSQT9900000
NFPA LabelN/A

Classifications
Alternate NamesColumbium
Names of AllotropesNone
Blockd
Group5
Period5
SeriesTransition Metal
Electron Configuration[Kr]5s14d4
ColorGray
Discovery
1801 in The United Kingdom
Gas phaseN/A
CAS NumberCAS7440-03-1
CID Number
CID23936
RTECS Number
RTECSQT9900000

Electrical properties
Electrical TypeConductor
Electrical Conductivity6.7×106 S/m
Resistivity1.5×10-7 m Ω
Superconducting Point9.25

Magnetic properties
Magnetic TypeParamagnetic
Curie PointN/A
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility2.76×10-8 m3/Kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility2.56×10-9 m3/mol
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility0.000237

Abundances
% in Universe2×10-7%
% in Sun4×10-7%
% in Meteorites0.000019%
% in Earth's Crust0.0017%
% in Oceans1×10-10%
% in HumansN/A

Atomic dimensions and structure
Atomic Radius198 pm
Covalent Radius164 pm
Van der Waals RadiusN/A
Crystal StructureBody-centered Cubic
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice Constants
330.04, 330.04, 330.04 pm
Space Group NameIm_ 3m
Space Group Number229

Nuclear Properties
Half-LifeStable
LifetimeStable
Decay ModeN/A
Quantum Numbers6D1/2
Neutron Cross Section1.15
Neutron Mass Absorption0.0004
Known Isotopes
81Nb, 82Nb, 83Nb, 84Nb, 85Nb, 86Nb, 87Nb, 88Nb, 89Nb, 90Nb, 91Nb, 92Nb, 93Nb, 94Nb, 95Nb, 96Nb, 97Nb, 98Nb, 99Nb, 100Nb, 101Nb, 102Nb, 103Nb, 104Nb, 105Nb, 106Nb, 107Nb, 108Nb, 109Nb, 110Nb, 111Nb, 112Nb, 113Nb
Stable Isotopes
93Nb
Isotopic Abundances
93Nb100%


Notes on the properties of Niobium:

Specific Heat: Value given for solid phase.

Up to date, curated data provided by Mathematica's ElementData function from Wolfram Research, Inc.

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