Overview |
Name | Scandium |
Symbol | Sc |
Atomic Number | 21 |
Atomic Weight | 44.955908 |
Density | 2.985 g/cm3 |
Melting Point | 1541 °C |
Boiling Point | 2830 °C |
Thermal properties |
Phase | Solid |
Melting Point | 1541 °C |
Boiling Point | 2830 °C |
Absolute Melting Point | 1814 K |
Absolute Boiling Point | 3103 K |
Critical Pressure | N/A |
Critical Temperature | N/A |
Heat of Fusion | 16 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 318 kJ/mol |
Specific Heat | 567 J/(kg K)[note] |
Adiabatic Index | N/A |
Neel Point | N/A |
Thermal Conductivity | 16 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000102 K-1 |
Bulk physical properties |
Density | 2.985 g/cm3 |
Density (Liquid) | 2.8 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 0.000015061 |
Brinell Hardness | 750 MPa |
Mohs Hardness | N/A |
Vickers Hardness | N/A |
Bulk Modulus | 57 GPa |
Shear Modulus | 29 GPa |
Young Modulus | 74 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | 0.28 |
Refractive Index | N/A |
Speed of Sound | N/A |
Thermal Conductivity | 16 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000102 K-1 |
Reactivity |
Valence | 3 |
Electronegativity | 1.36 |
ElectronAffinity | 18.1 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 633.1, 1235, 2388.6, 7090.6, 8843, 10679, 13310, 15250, 17370, 21726, 24102, 66320, 73010, 80160, 89490, 97400, 105600, 117000, 124270, 547530, 582163 kJ/mol |
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Health and Safety |
DOT Hazard Class | |
DOT Numbers | 3089 |
RTECS Number | N/A |
NFPA Label | N/A |
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Classifications |
Alternate Names | None |
Names of Allotropes | None |
Block | d |
Group | 3 |
Period | 4 |
Series | Transition Metal |
Electron Configuration | [Ar]4s23d1 |
Color | Silver |
Discovery | |
Gas phase | N/A |
CAS Number | CAS7440-20-2 |
CID Number | |
RTECS Number | N/A |
Electrical properties |
Electrical Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.8×106 S/m |
Resistivity | 5.5×10-7 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | 0.05 |
Magnetic properties |
Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic |
Curie Point | N/A |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 8.8×10-8 m3/Kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 3.956×10-9 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0002627 |
Abundances |
% in Universe | 3×10-6% |
% in Sun | 4×10-6% |
% in Meteorites | 0.00064% |
% in Earth's Crust | 0.0026% |
% in Oceans | 1.5×10-10% |
% in Humans | N/A |
Atomic dimensions and structure |
Atomic Radius | 184 pm |
Covalent Radius | 170 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | N/A |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
Lattice Angles | |
Lattice Constants | |
Space Group Name | P63/mmc |
Space Group Number | 194 |
Nuclear Properties |
Half-Life | Stable |
Lifetime | Stable |
Decay Mode | N/A |
Quantum Numbers | 2D3/2 |
Neutron Cross Section | 27.2 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.025 |
Known Isotopes | 36Sc, 37Sc, 38Sc, 39Sc, 40Sc, 41Sc, 42Sc, 43Sc, 44Sc, 45Sc, 46Sc, 47Sc, 48Sc, 49Sc, 50Sc, 51Sc, 52Sc, 53Sc, 54Sc, 55Sc, 56Sc, 57Sc, 58Sc, 59Sc, 60Sc |
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Stable Isotopes | |
Isotopic Abundances | |
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