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Bromine x-mass tree ornament. This is a lovely glass ornament filled with bromine by my partner Max Whitby. Source: Max Whitby of RGB Contributor: Max Whitby of RGB Acquired: 16 October, 2009 Text Updated: 18 October, 2009 Price: Donated Size: 3" Purity: 99% |
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Flame-retardant pajamas. Child's pajama top, by law treated with a flame retardant, probably tetrabromobisphenol A. Source: Farm & Fleet Contributor: Theodore Gray Acquired: 22 April, 2009 Text Updated: 23 April, 2009 Price: $10 Size: 14" Purity: <1% |
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Bromine pool tablets. Sodium bromide salt tablets meant to be used in hot tubs to disinfect the water. Source: Farm & Fleet Contributor: Theodore Gray Acquired: 2 April, 2009 Text Updated: 23 April, 2009 Price: $1 Size: 1" Purity: 78% |
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Brominated vegetable oil in Mountain Dew. Yes, Mountain Dew (and other citrus-flavored soft drinks) contain brominated vegetable oils, you can read it right on the label. There's nothing particularly bad about this, it's just curious, and one of not many commonly encountered applications of bromine. Surprisingly, while millions drink such sodas daily without ill effect, there are, according to a wonderful email I received from reader Noah Horwitz shortly after adding this sample, at least two documented cases in the medical literature of bromine poisoning through soft drinks. In one case a patient developed "Bromoderma", ulcers on the hands, after drinking 8 liters a day of Ruby Red Squirt. Frankly I would have thought that if you drink 8 liters a day of any soft drink bromine poisoning would be the least of your worries, but apparently not. The other case is summarized in this abstract: Bromism from excessive cola consumption.In short: Don't drink multiple liters of citrus flavored sodas every day for months on end or you're liable to keel over. Source: Walmart Contributor: Theodore Gray Acquired: 11 March, 2009 Text Updated: 17 March, 2009 Price: $1 Size: 6" Purity: <1% |
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H and L tubes. I saw a rather alarming listing on eBay for these two bromine tubes, listed as "Low & High Bromine Scientific Tube tubes LOT" by a seller who obviously didn't know a lot about what bromine is. The seller offered "I've no idea what these are. They are marked with some warnings, etc." Some warnings? Well, fortunately they arrived intact and now they are in a safe place where people appreciate the need to keep bromine in a safe place. The "High & Low" bit appears to be pure conjecture on the part of the seller, based on the letters "H" and "L" hand-written on the otherwise printed labels. So far as I can tell both tubes contain an identical pressure of bromine (evidenced by the fact that there are the same size of small beads of liquid bromine in both), so H and L are not referring to high and low pressure as one might have expected. I can't think of anything else that would be characterized by high and low, so I'm going to assume that the H and L designations are some private little code whose meaning is probably lost to history. Reader Graham Fraser offers the following theory: Hello Mr. Gray,Well, it was a good theory, but wrong. I have now learned that in fact H and L do refer to pressure, just not pressure of bromine. It turns out these tubes contain identical amounts of bromine, but different amounts of Air. The H tube likely contains about one atmosphere of air, while the L tube contains much less, maybe even mostly vacuum (other than the bromine). Radiation expert William Kolb, a long-time correspondent of mine, reports that he happened to be researching bromine on the web, and google lead him to both my description of this sample, and to a company that sells tubes exactly like this. Putting two and two together, he emailed me their instruction sheet, which explains that these tubes are designed to demonstrate the phenomenon of diffusion. Both tubes are stuck into an alcohol/dry ice cooling bath, which causes all the bromine in them to condense and solidify at the cold end of the tube. The tubes are then removed and allowed to warm up. In the tube with only bromine, the whole space of the tube fills up pretty much uniformly with purple bromine vapor, while in the tube that also has air in it the bromine takes much longer to diffuse to the far end of the tube. So there you have it, after only four years, the definitely correct answer has been determined! And if you want a set like this, they are still available from scientific suppliers, as are similar pairs of tubes containing iodine. Source: eBay seller sellitontheweb Contributor: Theodore Gray Acquired: 22 November, 2003 Text Updated: 12 March, 2007 Price: $10 Size: 12" Purity: >99% |
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Sample from the Everest Set. Up until the early 1990's a company in Russia sold a periodic table collection with element samples. At some point their American distributor sold off the remaining stock to a man who is now selling them on eBay. The samples (except gases) weigh about 0.25 grams each, and the whole set comes in a very nice wooden box with a printed periodic table in the lid. To learn more about the set you can visit my page about element collecting for a general description and information about how to buy one, or you can see photographs of all the samples from the set displayed on my website in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order. Source: Rob Accurso Contributor: Rob Accurso Acquired: 7 February, 2003 Text Updated: 29 January, 2009 Price: Donated Size: 0.2" Purity: >99% |
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Sample from the RGB Set. The Red Green and Blue company in England sells a very nice element collection in several versions. Max Whitby, the director of the company, very kindly donated a complete set to the periodic table table. To learn more about the set you can visit my page about element collecting for a general description or the company's website which includes many photographs and pricing details. I have two photographs of each sample from the set: One taken by me and one from the company. You can see photographs of all the samples displayed in a periodic table format: my pictures or their pictures. Or you can see both side-by-side with bigger pictures in numerical order. The picture on the left was taken by me. Here is the company's version (there is some variation between sets, so the pictures sometimes show different variations of the samples): Source: Max Whitby of RGB Contributor: Max Whitby of RGB Acquired: 25 January, 2003 Text Updated: 11 August, 2007 Price: Donated Size: 0.2" Purity: 99.5% |
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Gas in a bulb. The deep color of this sample is caused by bromine gas, not liquid. There is some liquid condensed on the sides of the bulb, but the majority of the color you see is the gas. I think it's amazing that a gas can be so thick. There's a very similar bulb under chlorine, but its color is much, much lighter. Normally when you see a "gas" that is colored, it's not really a gas but rather tiny droplets of liquid (in fog) or particles (in smoke) that make it look colored or thick. The difference is that in a real colored gas, there is no diffusion of the light, just attenuation. A fog or smoke makes things look fuzzy, while with a true colored gas, they look perfectly sharp, just colored. This is a true colored gas. I received this sample when Tryggvi and Timothy came to my sodium party. I chose this sample to represent its element in my Photographic Periodic Table Poster. The sample photograph includes text exactly as it appears in the poster, which you are encouraged to buy a copy of. Source: Tryggvi Emilsson and Timothy Brumleve Contributor: Tryggvi Emilsson and Timothy Brumleve Acquired: 21 September, 2002 Text Updated: 5 February, 2010 Price: Donated Size: 3" Purity: 99.9% |
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Hot tub salt (NaBr). Kindly contributed by Ed Pegg. Source: Hardware Store Contributor: Ed Pegg Jr Acquired: 20 May, 2002 Price: $1/pound Size: 2.5" Purity: 77% |
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Ytterbium bromide. Ytterbium bromide, very pure, but sadly not mine, just borrowed for photography. Source: Anonymous Contributor: Anonymous Acquired: 17 April, 2009 Text Updated: 17 April, 2009 Price: None Size: 0.25" Composition: YbBr3 |
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Thulium bromide. Thulium bromide, very pure, but sadly not mine, just borrowed for photography. Source: Anonymous Contributor: Anonymous Acquired: 17 April, 2009 Text Updated: 17 April, 2009 Price: None Size: 0.25" Composition: TmBr3 |
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Neodymium bromide. Neodymium bromide, very pure, but sadly not mine, just borrowed for photography. Source: Anonymous Contributor: Anonymous Acquired: 17 April, 2009 Text Updated: 17 April, 2009 Price: None Size: 0.25" Composition: NdBr3 |
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Lutetium bromide. Lutetium bromide, very pure, but sadly not mine, just borrowed for photography. Source: Anonymous Contributor: Anonymous Acquired: 17 April, 2009 Text Updated: 17 April, 2009 Price: None Size: 0.25" Composition: LuBr3 |
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Cobalt bromide. Cobalt bromide, very pure, but sadly not mine, just borrowed for photography. Source: Anonymous Contributor: Anonymous Acquired: 17 April, 2009 Text Updated: 17 April, 2009 Price: None Size: 0.25" Composition: CoBr2 |
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Halothane vaporizer. Halothane is C2HBrClF3, basically a chlorofluorocarbon of the ozone-depleting variety. But surprisingly, it's also a very widely used surgical anesthetic. This vaporizer is used for administering the gas to patients and has controls for carefully adjusting the dose. Source: eBay seller i_sell_tech Contributor: Theodore Gray Acquired: 28 February, 2009 Text Updated: 1 March, 2009 Price: $100 Size: 8" Composition: C2HBrClF3 |
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Embolite from Jensan Set. This sample represents bromine in the "The Grand Tour of the Periodic Table" mineral collection from Jensan Scientifics. Visit my page about element collecting for a general description, or see photographs of all the samples from the set in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order. Source: Jensan Scientifics Contributor: Theodore Gray Acquired: 10 January, 2009 Text Updated: 10 January, 2009 Price: Anonymous Size: 0.25" Composition: Ag(Cl,Br) |
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Photo Card Deck of the Elements. In late 2006 I published a photo periodic table and it's been selling well enough to encourage me to make new products. This one is a particularly neat one: A complete card deck of the elements with one big five-inch (12.7cm) square card for every element. If you like this site and all the pictures on it, you'll love this card deck. And of course if you're wondering what pays for all the pictures and the internet bandwidth to let you look at them, the answer is people buying my posters and cards decks. Hint hint. Source: Theodore Gray Contributor: Theodore Gray Acquired: 19 November, 2008 Text Updated: 28 October, 2017 Price: $35 Size: 5" Composition: HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMg AlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMn FeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr RbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAg CdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePr NdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTm YbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTl PbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNp PuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRf DbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg |
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Bromargyrite. Description from the source: Bromargyrite var. Iodobromite ( Ag (I Br) cub.), Schoene Aussicht Mine, Dernbach, Germany. Little, definited yellow crystals on limonitic matrix. Very rare. 1,6x1x1 cm (crystals < 1 mm); 2 g. Source: Simone Citon Contributor: John Gray Acquired: 30 September, 2008 Text Updated: 1 October, 2008 Price: Trade Size: 0.04" Composition: Ag(IBr) |
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