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Technical data for Sulfur

Click any property name to see plots of that property for all the elements.

Overview
NameSulfur
SymbolS
Atomic Number16
Atomic Weight32.06
Density1.96 g/cm3
Melting Point115.21 °C[note]
Boiling Point444.72 °C

Thermal properties
PhaseSolid
Melting Point115.21 °C[note]
Boiling Point444.72 °C
Absolute Melting Point388.36 K[note]
Absolute Boiling Point717.87 K
Critical Pressure20.7 MPa (204.3 Atm)
Critical Temperature1314 K
Heat of Fusion1.73 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization9.8 kJ/mol
Specific Heat705 J/(kg K)[note]
Adiabatic IndexN/A
Neel PointN/A
Thermal Conductivity0.205 W/(m K)
Thermal ExpansionN/A

Bulk physical properties
Density1.96 g/cm3
Density (Liquid)1.819 g/cm3
Molar Volume0.000016357
Brinell HardnessN/A
Mohs Hardness2
Vickers HardnessN/A
Bulk Modulus7.7 GPa
Shear ModulusN/A
Young ModulusN/A
Poisson RatioN/A
Refractive Index1.001111
Speed of SoundN/A
Thermal Conductivity0.205 W/(m K)
Thermal ExpansionN/A

Reactivity
Valence6
Electronegativity2.58
ElectronAffinity200 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004.3, 8495.8, 27107, 31719, 36621, 43177 kJ/mol

Health and Safety
DOT Hazard ClassN/A
DOT NumbersN/A
RTECS Number
RTECSWS4250000
NFPA LabelN/A

Classifications
Alternate NamesSulphur
Names of Allotropes
RhombicSulphur, MonoclinicSulphur, AmorphousSulphur
Blockp
Group16
Period3
SeriesChalcogen
Electron Configuration[Ne]3s23p4
ColorYellow
Discovery
500 BC
Gas phaseN/A
CAS NumberCAS7704-34-9
CID Number
CID5362487
RTECS Number
RTECSWS4250000

Electrical properties
Electrical TypeInsulator
Electrical Conductivity1×10-15 S/m
Resistivity1×1015 m Ω
Superconducting PointN/A

Magnetic properties
Magnetic TypeDiamagnetic
Curie PointN/A
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility-6.2×10-9 m3/Kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility-1.99×10-10 m3/mol
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility-0.0000122

Abundances
% in Universe0.05%
% in Sun0.04%
% in Meteorites4%
% in Earth's Crust0.042%
% in Oceans0.093%
% in Humans0.2%

Atomic dimensions and structure
Atomic Radius87 pm
Covalent Radius105 pm
Van der Waals Radius180 pm
Crystal StructureFace-centered Orthorhombic
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice Constants
1043.7, 1284.5, 2436.9 pm
Space Group NameFddd
Space Group Number70

Nuclear Properties
Half-LifeStable
LifetimeStable
Decay ModeN/A
Quantum Numbers3P2
Neutron Cross Section0.52
Neutron Mass Absorption0.00055
Known Isotopes
26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S, 49S
Stable Isotopes
32S, 33S, 34S, 36S
Isotopic Abundances
32S94.93%
33S0.76%
34S4.29%
36S0.02%


Notes on the properties of Sulfur:

Melting Point: Value given for monoclinic, beta form.

Specific Heat: Value given for solid rhombic form.

Up to date, curated data provided by Mathematica's ElementData function from Wolfram Research, Inc.

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