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Technical data for Ruthenium

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Overview
NameRuthenium
SymbolRu
Atomic Number44
Atomic Weight101.07
Density12.37 g/cm3
Melting Point2334 °C
Boiling Point4150 °C

Thermal properties
PhaseSolid
Melting Point2334 °C
Boiling Point4150 °C
Absolute Melting Point2607 K
Absolute Boiling Point4423 K
Critical PressureN/A
Critical TemperatureN/A
Heat of Fusion25.7 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization580 kJ/mol
Specific Heat238 J/(kg K)[note]
Adiabatic IndexN/A
Neel PointN/A
Thermal Conductivity120 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion6.4×10-6 K-1

Bulk physical properties
Density12.37 g/cm3
Density (Liquid)10.65 g/cm3
Molar Volume8.1706×10-6
Brinell Hardness2160 MPa
Mohs Hardness6.5
Vickers Hardness2298.138766667 MPa[note]
Bulk Modulus220 GPa
Shear Modulus173 GPa
Young Modulus447 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.3
Refractive IndexN/A
Speed of Sound5970 m/s
Thermal Conductivity120 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion6.4×10-6 K-1

Reactivity
Valence6
Electronegativity2.2
ElectronAffinity101.3 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
710.2, 1620, 2747 kJ/mol

Health and Safety
DOT Hazard Class
4.1
DOT Numbers3089
RTECS NumberN/A
NFPA LabelN/A

Classifications
Alternate NamesNone
Names of AllotropesNone
Blockd
Group8
Period5
SeriesTransition Metal
Electron Configuration[Kr]5s14d7
ColorSilver
Discovery
1844 in Russia
Gas phaseN/A
CAS NumberCAS7440-18-8
CID Number
CID23950
RTECS NumberN/A

Electrical properties
Electrical TypeConductor
Electrical Conductivity1.4×107 S/m
Resistivity7.000000000002×10-8 m Ω
Superconducting Point0.49

Magnetic properties
Magnetic TypeParamagnetic
Curie PointN/A
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility5.42×10-9 m3/Kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility5.48×10-10 m3/mol
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility0.000067

Abundances
% in Universe4×10-7%
% in Sun5×10-7%
% in Meteorites0.000081%
% in Earth's Crust1×10-7%
% in Oceans7×10-11%
% in HumansN/A

Atomic dimensions and structure
Atomic Radius178 pm
Covalent Radius146 pm
Van der Waals RadiusN/A
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice Constants
270.59, 270.59, 428.15 pm
Space Group NameP63/mmc
Space Group Number194

Nuclear Properties
Half-LifeStable
LifetimeStable
Decay ModeN/A
Quantum Numbers5F5
Neutron Cross Section2.6
Neutron Mass Absorption0.0009
Known Isotopes
87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 96Ru, 97Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 103Ru, 104Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru
Stable Isotopes
100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104Ru, 96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru
Isotopic Abundances
100Ru12.6%
101Ru17.06%
102Ru31.55%
104Ru18.62%
96Ru5.54%
98Ru1.87%
99Ru12.76%


Notes on the properties of Ruthenium:

Specific Heat: Value given for solid phase.

Vickers Hardness: converted from Brinell scale

Up to date, curated data provided by Mathematica's ElementData function from Wolfram Research, Inc.

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